An accurate representation of cloud-scale dynamics and hydrometeor fall velocities is an important step toward understanding these processes. Improvements in weather and forecast models require thorough understanding of processes occurring in cloud and precipitation systems ( Zelinka et al., 2017 Satoh et al., 2018). It is demonstrated that a 94 GHz DCPA system can achieve retrieval errors as low as 0.05–0.15 mm for raindrop volume-weighted mean diameter and 25% for rime fraction (for a −10 dBZ echo). Finally, the lower mean Doppler velocity uncertainty of displaced phase center antenna (DPCA) radars makes them an ideal system for studying microphysics in shallow convection and frontal systems, as well as ice and mixed-phase clouds. The smaller instantaneous field of view (IFOV) of the 35 GHz radar captures more precise information about the location and size of convective updrafts above 5–8 km height of most systems which were determined in the portion of storms where the mass flux peak is typically located. The high penetration capability of the 13 GHz radar enables to obtain a complete, albeit horizontally under-sampled, view of deep convective storms. Mean Doppler velocity (MDV) measurements collected at multiple frequencies (13, 35, and 94 GHz) provide complementary information in deep convective cloud systems. Radar performance is examined against the state-of-the-art numerical model simulations of well-characterized shallow and deep, continental, and oceanic convective cases. Comprehensive forward simulations enable us to assess the advantages and drawbacks of six different Doppler radar architectures currently planned or under consideration by space agencies for the study of cloud dynamics. While these systems have proven to be useful tools for retrieving cloud microphysical and dynamical properties from the ground, their adequacy and specific requirements for spaceborne operation still need to be evaluated. With most of Earth’s surface covered by water, space-borne Doppler radars are ideal for acquiring such measurements at a global scale. 6NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United StatesĬonvective motions and hydrometeor microphysical properties are highly sought-after parameters for evaluating atmospheric numerical models.5Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.4Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico of Torino, Turin, Italy.3Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.2Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States.1Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States.Pavlos Kollias 1,2,3*, Alessandro Battaglia 4,5, Katia Lamer 2, Bernat Puigdomenech Treserras 3 and Scott A.
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